篇一：英语写作-对比比较
Writing A Comparison / Contrast Paragraph
AIMS:
ordering material using the point-by-point method or the block method
improving coherence by using transitional phrases common to comparison/contrast writing taking a step-by-step approach to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs
studying model paragraphs to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs
Comparison shows similarities between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations.
Contrast points out the differences between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations.
Two Basic Methods for Organizing Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs
1. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you can use the block method in which you tell all about A, then tell all about B. Thus you discuss A in a block and B in a block.
2. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you compare them point by point. Every time you say something about A, you also say something about B – right in the same sentence or in the sentence immediately following.
The Topic Sentence
Your topic sentence should identify both items (subjects) to be compared or contrasted and tell the reader exactly what you are going to say about these items (attitude).
e.g., (poor) Our pup, Tuffy is different from our cat, Hector.
(good) The difference in temperament between our pup, Tuffy, and our cat, Hector, is a constant source of amusement.
The Body
Once you have decided on a good topic sentence, list all the points of comparison/ contrast that you can think of. Next, review the list and eliminate any points, which are irrelevant or unimportant. Now, organize your details in a logical sequence, and begin your rough draft.
The Conclusion
The most effective conclusion for a comparison/contrast paragraph is usually a final sentence, which reinforces the controlling idea.
e.g., If you could see Tuffy and Hector together, you could scarcely help laughing at the contrast between these two household playmates.
A Good Example of the Block Method:
Students who have Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are immediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. He pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. His moderate tone and inflected words make his lectures interesting. Mr. Jones also adds humour to his subject, and hewel comes questions from students who don’t understand the material. He takes his time and explains slowly. He tries to make sure that his students understand a concept before he moves on to something new, and he is very enthusiastic about his subject. Mr. Smith, on the other hand, has a different tone, pronunciation, expression and attitude from Mr. Jones. He has a booming voice, which commands rather than teaches, and sometimes it is hard to understand because he runs his words together. His lectures are not as interesting as those of Mr. Jones, either, because Mr. Smith speaks in a boring monotone. He also hates to be interrupted; feeling that he must cover
everything. Mr. Smith teaches every class in a serious, determined mood. Thus, as the above points illustrate, the lectures of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are quite different.
A Good Example of the Point-by-Point Method:
Students who have Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones are immediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. Mr. Smith, however, has a booming voice, which commands rather than teaches. Mr. Jones pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. On the other hand, Mr. Smith mumbles, running his words
together. The moderate tone and inflected words of Mr. Jones make his lectures more interesting than those of Mr. Smith, who speaks in a boring monotone. Mr. Jones also adds humour to the subject, whereas Mr. Smith is always serious about each lesson. Mr. Jones welcomes questions from students who don’t
understand the material, as compared to Mr. Smith who hates to be interrupted. Mr. Jones takes his time and explains slowly, whereas Mr. Smith rushes through each lesson. Mr. Jones is very enthusiastic about his subject: he tries to make sure everyone understands a concept before he moves on to something new. Mr. Smith, however, is always in a determined mood; he feels that he must cover everything. Each teacher has a different voice, tone, pronunciation, expression, and attitude: and as a result, their lectures are quite different.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST Key Words
comparison:
likesimilar assame in the same way too both
most importanthave in common the same assimilarlyas well as
contrast:
although yetwhereashoweverbutwhile differ instead unless
unlikeon the contrarycontrary to even though on the other hand
the reverse
When you compare one subject to another, you show how the two are alike, or similar.
Example: The dog, like the cat, is a household pet.
When you contrast two subjects, you show how they are different.
Example: The dog, unlike the cat, is dependent on its master.
Sometimes, both comparison and contrast are used in the same sentence.
Example: Both the dog and the cat make good household pets, but a
dog requires more attention than a cat.
Exercise
Read the paragraphs and answer the questions below. Thousands of years ago the Native people of North America had to build houses that fit their life. One kind of house was a tipi. The Plains people lived in tipis. Tipis were easy to put up and take down. In fact, it only took about half an hour to set them up. This was perfect for the Plains people who spent their time hunting and following herds of animals.
The Inuit, who lived in the cold Arctic region, spent part of the year living in igloos. Igloos were temporary homes like tipis. However, they were built for the cold winter months, whereas a tipi could be used year round. Both tipis and igloos had one main room that the family lived in and were usually made for a single family. Tipis and igloos were made of very different materials. Igloos were made from blocks of snow stacked on top of each other, while tipis were made from buffalo hide, tree bark, or grass. The shape of tipis and igloos was also different. Tipis were cone-shaped, using three or four poles for support. In contrast, igloos were dome-shaped.
1. Is this paragraph comparing and contrasting two things?Yes No
2. If no, how do you know it is not a compare and contrast paragraph?
3. If yes, what two things are being compared?
4. Circle the key words in the paragraph that show that the author was comparing and contrasting information.
~~ In-class exercise: Using Comparison/Contrast ~~
To get some practice using comparison/contrast as a rhetorical technique, prepare to write a
comparison/contrast paragraph(s) based on one of the following topics (or come up with one you like better): ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? High school and College Raising a pet and raising a child Two career choices or majors you're contemplating Two colleges you've considered attending Two jobs you've had Two books you've read, or two movies you've seen Two close friends Two teachers Once you decide on your subject, follow the three steps below to help you practice using this technique. STEP 1: Establish categories to focus your analysis.
For example, if you're comparing colleges, your categories might be curriculum, price, location, and social life.
Brainstorm and then decide upon several appropriate categories for your topic which will focus how you look at each subject. List them below:
STEP 2: Brainstorm raw material by applying these categories to questions about your subject. Based on the categories you arrived at above, ask what is similar and what is different about the two subjects. Write down everything you can think of—you can rearrange it later.
Comparisons (similarities) between___________________
and _______________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Contrasts (differences) between _____________________
and _______________________.
1.
2.
篇二：英语比较型作文
模板一：
（首段直接提出个人观点）（1）It is often difficult for _________to decide whether A or B. (2) In my opinion, A is always better. （句1引出相关话题；句2明确提出自己的观点。）
（主体段二、三采用单项交替比较的方法。）(1)Some students don’t like B.(2)First, they think _____because ___________. (3) Second, _________.(4) Third, _________.
(1)The incomparable advantage of A is that _________. (2) First, ____.(3) Second, __________.(4) Third, __________.
（结尾段的首句与首段的主题相呼应，体现整体的一致性）(1) I regard A as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of _______. (2) And I confidently believe that ___________.
Living Alone or Living with Roomates?
（1）It is often difficult for a student to decide whether he shall have roomates or not. (2) In my opinion, having roomates is always better.
(1) Some students don’t like having roomates. (2) They think several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. (3) I don’t think so because we can have the chance to learn to learn to adjust the subtle relationships. (4) Solving trivial problems will eich our experience and help us understand others and learn to be considerate.
(1) The incomparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. (2)For example, planning a party single-handedly may be a boring and difficult job. (3) Our roomates’ help make it enjoyable and easy. (4) Combining every member’s wit and talent together, we may do anything perfectly.
(1) I regard rooming together as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of learning cooperation and understanding. (2) And I confidently believe that such experience will be helpful in one’s later life.
模板二：
Nowadays, the influence of _________proves to be profound. And there has been a very controversial debate as to ________.(引出话题和争论，但保留作者个人看法。) 偏爱A的理由)
Conversly， as for the merits( 优点，长处_________. (偏爱B的理由)
In short, I agree that _______. （明确自己的观点。）
Will Internet Replace Books?
Nowadays, the influence of Internet proves to be profound. And there has been a very controversial debate as to whether or not Internet will replace the book as the main source of information.
People in favor of the traditional information sources always provide the following evidence. Firstly, the history of human civilizaition is the written history. Secondly, people are free to choose any posture and place that make them comfortable when reading. Finally, traditional information sources like books ar relatively stable and reliable to preserve the human information well.
While others prefer to the Internet. In the first place, the Internet has been bringing a lot of changes to our life. Secondly, we can find almost all of the information we need from the Internet. At the same time, we are able to process the data more rapidly and accurately from the Internet than from books.
In short, I agree that as a source of information the Internet will one day replace books. I am eagerly looking forward to that day.
模板三：
Which is more important in life, ____, or _________? The answer may vary from person to person. But in my opinion, they are of the same importance.
_____is priceless for it helps one deal with the problems with _____. ________, however, _______is limited in therms of ________. For one thing, ______. For another, ___________. One way to compensate for it is to ____.
In my opinion, both ___and ___are essential. While ____make s one more ____, ____makes one more ______.
Book Knowledge or Practical Experience?
Which is more important in life, knowledge from the books you read, or personal experience you gain in reality? The answer may vary from person to person. But in my opinion, they are of the same importane.
Experience is priceless for it helps one deal with the problems with ease and confidence. Experience, however, is limited in terms of time and space. For another, as the speed with which skills are obsolete and new problems crop up is unprecedented because of the fast development of society, experience is far less adequate.
One way to compensate for it is to read books. Books of various kinds can bring us almost unlimited additional experience. To be sure, it’s secondhand experience . but it is the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. Few of us can travel around the world, or live long beyond one hundred years, but all of us can live many lives by reading books.
Both book knowledge and personal experience are essential. While experience makes one more resourceful, book knowledge makes one more learned.
A Good Major or a Good University
Every student will be faced with the same question when he passes the College Entrance Examination: Should he choose a good major or a good university? Answers differ as for different groups of people.
Some students give priority to a good major. What they cherish is a specially they like most. In their mind, whether the university is famous is not very important—so long as they work hard, they can achieve a lot in any university, and a bright future is awaiting them. Other students pay more attention to the university. They attach great importance to the university, because the environment of the university to the making of an excellent person is fertile soil to the growth of a plant. How can you have a wide vision and a broad horizon if you receive education in an unknown college where there is less exchange of informaiton?
In a word, the best choice is a good major at a good university, but without great efforts we can hardly get such a choice. If we cannot obtain both, in my opinion, the first thing to consider is a good major.
篇三：英语写作方法 比较 对比
英语写作方法（比较与对比）（1）
2010-11-09 21:14 Comparison and Contrast
比较和对照的写作方法
一．目标、重点和难点
目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；
重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）； 难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。
二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:
1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
范文一：Country Life and City Life
It is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.
Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city – you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent suise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.
Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and
disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.
范文二：Middle School Life and College Life
There are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in
middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For
example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short， and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more
freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful
hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.
三．写作步骤
1. 写前阶段：写作提纲
1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
如分析Online shoping or in-store shopping（网络购物还是店内购
2. 写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容
1) Useful words and phrases:
比较 ：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 对照： by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.
2）Useful expressions
?Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages,
and … is no exception.
?The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
?The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
?A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that... ?For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
?Like anything else, it has its faults.
?A and B has several points in common.
?A bears some resemblances to B.
?However, the same is not applicable to B.
?A and B differ in several ways.
?Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
?The same is true of B.
英语写作方法（比较与对比）（1）续
2010-11-09 21:15
3）Useful Writing Patterns
（1）块状比较模板：
模板一
It is really hard to say which is better than the other, A or B. Both have their merits and shortcomings.
A has a great many advantages. First, …. Second, …. Third, …. Wondering as A is , it has its drawbacks. First of all, …. Besides, ….
B is quite different from B in many ways. Its positive sides are as follows. Firstly, …. Sencondly, …. Like anyting else, B has its faults, such
as….
Evidently, both A and B have their positive and negative aspects.The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of the both and get
rid of their inconveniences.
模板二
The topic of ____ (主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say _A__ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ______(A理由一). What’s more, _____(A理由二). Moreover, _____(A理由三).
While others think that __B__ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,______ (B理由一).Secondly/Besides, ______ (B理由二). Thirdly/ Finally, ______(B理由三).
For my point of view, I think ______(我的观点). The reason is that _____ (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reason to
explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
模板三
There is a heated debate over ______(主题). It is commonly accepted that __A__ . In contrast, others think that __B___ .
Those who hold the first opinion suggest that ______(A理由一). In their view, ______ (A理由二). However, others think ______(B理由一).They argue that _______(B理由二) .
Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _A/B__ . First of all, ______(原因一). Furthermore, _______(原因二). Thirdly, ______(原因三). Therefore, I am in favor of the idea _____ (我的观点).
（2）逐点比较框架：
Both A and B are very popular in today’s society. Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and A
and B are no exception.
There are many differences between A and B. In the first place, A…. On the contrary, B…. In the second place，A …. Unlike A, B….
Last but by no means the least, A …. By contrast, B….
Both A and B have their strong points and weak points respectively. People can
choose which way to use according to their own likes
and dislikes.
3. 写作后阶段：检查与修改
1）词汇、结构、句型、时态、语法（方面的错误减到最低）；
2）句子之间的连接、段落之间的衔接（流畅；
3）整篇文章的内容（重点突出）、结构与层次（清晰、分明）；
四．写作练习：请根据自己的能力和兴趣，用比较和对照写作方法完成一篇英语作文，题目如
下：
1. By Car or By Bike
2. By E-mail or By Letter
3. Live On Campus or Off Campus
4. Package Tour or Travelling On Your Own
5. College Lectures or Discussion
6. Study Abroad
