篇一：代词1
高三英语第二轮复习 英语语法——代词 周亮亮
一、 教学目标：代词的种类
二、 重点难点：掌握不定代词的一些特殊用法
Period 1
代词：就是替代名词的词称之为代词。代词分为九种：人称代词、物主代词、指
示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和连接代词。
一、 人称代词
? 2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：（作主语）
（作宾语）
? 3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：
---Who is knocking at the door?
---It’? 4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：
? 5)三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如：
–Who will go there?
–You and me.
? 6）人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用, it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
--What’s the weather like today?
-- It’s fine.
It took him three days to clean his house.
We found it very difficult to learn English well.
? 7）人称代词的其他用法
（1）报刊和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I（同样地，用our
代替代my）。
We believe China will become stronger in the future.
（2）用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、大地、月亮等,以表示亲切和
爱护。
That's the picture of our city; she has changed a lot.
（3）it有时可用来代替小孩（child）和婴儿（baby）
The child smiled when it saw its mother.
（4）they可用来代替一般的人，特别在“they say”中比较常用。
They say it's going to rain tomorrow.
二、物主代词：
? 1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词:
? 2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语， 后必须接名词，例如：
3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面一定不可以跟名词。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
I‘ve already finished my work. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）
三、反身代词：
? 英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己" 等意义的代词称为反身代词:
? 反身代词的用法如下:
(1)作动词的宾语, 表示动作返回到动作执行者本身，主语和宾语指同一个或同一些人。如：
He called himself a writer．
Help yourselves to the cakes.
(2)作主语或宾语的同位语，以加强语气
The story itself is good. But he didn’t tell it well.
You'd better ask the teacher himself.
(3)作表语
The little girl in the picture was myself.
(4) "by+ 反身代词" 的意思是"单独地、 独自一人地"
The mother couldn't leave her baby by himself.
She can do it all by herself.
(5) "for+ 反身代词" 的意思是"独自地、为自己"
He has a right to decide for himself.
四、指示代词
? 表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有：this, that, these, those, such, same, it.
1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人：
．
．
2) 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物：
I had a cold. That‘s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this :pronunciation is very important in learning English．
3) this 在电话用语中表自己，that 则代表对方，如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4) such, same的用法:
such（如此的）和same(同样的)也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同:
五、不定代词：
? 代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词,或没指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语：
1)some与any的区别
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”
Look! Some students are cleaning the library.
②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
③any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
--How many people can you see in the picture?
--I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone,
anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little
He has few friends.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
”。 Where are his other books?
Do you have any other books?
②other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.
③others，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
④“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
There are 10 teachers in our school, 3 are Chinese, the others are English.
⑤another可以作形容词和代词，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个” “再一个”，还可以跟代词one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
I am not full, please give me another cake.
I don’t like this coat, please give me another.
4) every与each的区别
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
? every的意思与all接近，强调整体，表示他们都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher.
= All students love the English teacher.
5)all和both的用法
①all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr Pope.（作主语） 复数
All the water has been used up. (作主语)单数
We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)
②both作代词。
? a .与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 放在be动词后，实义动词前
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They're both beautiful.
? b. 与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
? c. 单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
③both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
6)no, none, no one, nobody的用法
①no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”
There is no time left. Please hurry up.
②none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物, 起名词作用, 在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语, 表“没有一个 (人或事物)”
none作主语时, 动词可以用复数(强调所有)或单数(强调每个)，可与of构成的介词短语连用
篇二：代词的练习
代词的练习
根据句子意思选用many, much, some, any 填空
1. Does Peter have ______ brothers and sisters?
2. How _____ homework have you done?
3. Will you give me _____paper?
4. Grandpa can tell ______ old stories.
5. I have ______ DVDs. I can lend you _____ if you want.
6. How ______ are your new sports shoes?
7. It’s too sweet. You have put too ______ sugar in it.
8. You can’t ask _______ questions during the exam.
9. I have _____ time. I can talk to you now.
10. How _____rice do you have every day?
根据句意选用both, all, each, every来填空。
1. The children ________ took bananas.
2. The children ________ took a banana.
3. ______ of her parents are teachers.
4. I haven’t brought _____ my pictures.
5. I have two radios, but _____ of them have broken down.
6. You must take down _____ word he says.
7. The boys (转载自：www.xiaocaOfaNWen.com 小草 范 文 网:代词的句子10句)in my class _____ love Jack’s songs.
8. There are six teams and ______ team has 12 players.
9. They ______ work hard, so their teachers are very happy. 根据句子意思选用something, anything, nothing或everything填空。
1. Please say _____ about the picture.
2. He says he will do ______ to help me.
3. Do you want _______ else?
4. He knows _______ about the country.
5. Please be quiet! I have ________ important to tell you.
6. There’s _______ left in the fridge. We’d better do some shopping.
7. I’m glad that _______ is ready for the party.
8. Is there _______ I can do for you?
9. He shook his head and said , ‘I’ve _________ to say.’
10. Are you doing _______ tonight?
I’m going to watch a basketball match.
篇三：代词
英语高考专题复习讲与练 （3）代词与it
一、考点聚焦
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1、人称代词
（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Does any of you know where Tom lives?
—Me.
What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her
替代）
③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。
①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。
②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?
2.物主代词
（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
（2）one’s own?=...of one’s own句式的转换。
（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.
3.反身代词
（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地
by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极
This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。
I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。
4.相互代词（each other, one another）
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
（1）指示代词this和that的区别。
①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday
afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。
（2）such和same的用法。
①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。
Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.
The same can be said of the other article.
另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）
Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.
他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）
6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）
疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
（1）who/what
①询问姓名或关系。——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is
Hey.询问职业或地位。——What is he？ ——He is a lawyer/teacher.
②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。 What is /are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which与who、what
which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。
I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?
7.连接代词和关系代词
连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。
8、不定代词
不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。
（1）some与any
一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。
He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)
Some like sports,others like music.(主语)
Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)
Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)
I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）
特殊用法：
①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。
Any child can do that.（定语）
You may take any of them.（宾语）
②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。
Smith went to some place in England.（定语）
③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。
Would you like some bananas?（邀请）
Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)
④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。
I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）
some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：
There are some 300 workers on strike.
Do you feel any better today?
(2)one,both,all
①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.
One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)
This is not the one I want.(表语)
one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：
These books are more interesting than those ones.
Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box? ②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。 This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)
Both of the boys are here.(主语)
We both are students.(同位语)
注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.
Both the /these boys are tall.
③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。
All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。
I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。
That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。
They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。
注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
（3）many和much
many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。
（4）few, little; a few, a little
few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。
（5）no和none
no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。
注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。
（6）each和every
each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。 Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)
Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）
Each of them has been there.（主语）
The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）
We each got a ticket.（同位语）
（7）either和neither
either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)
Neither boy knows French.(定语)
注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either与or构成连词，意为“不是??就是??”或“要么??要么??”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not?either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不??也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.
（8）other和another, the others 和others
the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”
表示“其余（他）的??”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如： He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.
Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.
Some are singing, others are dancing.
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)
Please give me another book.（定语）
注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one ? another(a second)? a third?the other?意为“一个??一个??一个??一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some?others?others?，意为“一些??一些??一些”。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。
2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET 2000）
A.another B.other C.more D.each
解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字 + 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词 + more + 复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET 1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。
3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET 1999)
A.some B.any C.that D.those
解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是